Giới thiệu latex
latex là 1 chương trình dùng để format document. Nó là: ” document markup language and document preparation system for the TeX typesetting program. Within the typesetting system, its name is styled as ” (-wikipedia).
latex là một hệ thống soạn thảo rất phù hợp với việc tạo ra các
tài liệu khoa học và toán học với chất lượng bản in rất cao.
Nó rất mạnh trong việc hiển thị các biểu thức toán học với những ký tự
khó như Sigma, Alpha, Square, exponent...
Nó ra đời khoảng chục năm nay, nhưng mau chóng trở thành lạc hậu vì sự
tiến triển không người của các Word Editor trên Linux hay Unix như
StarOffice hay OpenOffice.
Hàm, biểu tượng, ký tự đặc biệt
Accents/diacritics |
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\acute{a} \grave{a} \hat{a} \tilde{a} \breve{a} |
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\check{a} \bar{a} \ddot{a} \dot{a} |
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Standard functions |
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\sin a \cos b \tan c |
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\sec d \csc e \cot f |
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\arcsin h \arccos i \arctan j |
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\sinh k \cosh l \tanh m \coth n\! |
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\operatorname{sh}\,o\,\operatorname{ch}\,p\,\operatorname{th}\,q\! |
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\operatorname{arsinh}\,r\,\operatorname{arcosh}\,s\,\operatorname{artanh}\,t |
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\lim u \limsup v \liminf w \min x \max y\! |
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\inf z \sup a \exp b \ln c \lg d \log e
\log_{10} f \ker g\! |
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\deg h \gcd i \Pr j \det k \hom l \arg m \dim n |
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Modular arithmetic |
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s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m} |
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a\,\bmod\,b |
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\mid \; \nmid |
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Derivatives |
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\nabla \, \partial x \, dx \, \dot x \, \ddot
y\, dy/dx\, \frac{dy}{dx}\, \frac{\partial^2 y}{\partial
x_1\,\partial x_2} |
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Sets |
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\forall \exists \nexists \empty \emptyset
\varnothing |
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\in \ni \not\in \notin \subset \subseteq
\supset \supseteq |
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\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus
\smallsetminus |
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\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq
\sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup |
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Operators |
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+ \oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp - |
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\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet
\bigodot |
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\star * / \div \frac{1}{2} |
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Logic |
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\land (or \and) \wedge \bigwedge \bar{q}
\overline{q} \to \And |
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\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q \leftrightarrow |
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Root |
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\sqrt{2} \sqrt[n]{x} |
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Relations |
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\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot=
\overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=} :=\!\, |
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\le < \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne
\mbox{or} \neq \propto |
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Geometric |
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\Diamond \Box \triangle \angle \perp \parallel
45^\circ |
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Arrows |
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\leftarrow (or \gets) \rightarrow (or \to)
\nleftarrow \nrightarrow \leftrightarrow \nleftrightarrow
\longleftarrow \longrightarrow \longleftrightarrow |
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\Leftarrow \Rightarrow \nLeftarrow \nRightarrow
\Leftrightarrow \nLeftrightarrow \Longleftarrow \Longrightarrow
\Longleftrightarrow (or \iff) |
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\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \Uparrow
\Downarrow \Updownarrow \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow |
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\rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown
\leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft \upharpoonright
\downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons
\leftrightharpoons |
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\curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh
\upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow
\rightarrowtail \looparrowright |
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\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh
\downdownarrows \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow
\leftarrowtail \looparrowleft |
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\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow
\hookleftarrow \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow
\twoheadrightarrow \twoheadleftarrow |
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Special |
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\And \eth \S \P \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots
\cdots |
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\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright
\infty \bot \top |
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\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert
\imath \hbar |
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\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement |
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\diamondsuit \heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit
\Game \flat \natural \sharp |
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Unsorted (new stuff) |
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\vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS
\measuredangle \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown |
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\blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar
\sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge |
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\veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes
\boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes |
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\rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee
\circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq
\leqslant |
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\eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot
\lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq |
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\fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq
\Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox
\vartriangleleft |
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\Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \geqq \geqslant
\eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox \eqsim \gtrdot |
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\ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc
\circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq |
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\Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim
\succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \shortparallel \between
\pitchfork |
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\varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore
\backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq
\lneqq |
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\lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq
\precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid |
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\nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq
\nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr |
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\subsetneq |
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\ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq
\gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq |
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\succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel
\nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq
\nsupseteq |
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\nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq
\varsupsetneqq |
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\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond
\bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus |
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\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ
\preceq \succeq |
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\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel |
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\ulcorner \urcorner \llcorner \lrcorner |
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Các biểu thức phức tạp:
Subscripts, superscripts, integrals
Feature | Syntax | How it looks rendered | |
---|---|---|---|
HTML | PNG | ||
Superscript | a^2 |
a2 | ![]() |
Subscript | a_2 |
a2 | ![]() |
Grouping | a^{2+2} |
a2 + 2 | ![]() |
a_{i,j} |
ai,j | ![]() |
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Combining sub & super without and with horizontal separation | x_2^3 |
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{x_2}^3 |
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Super super | 10^{10^{ \,\!{8} } |
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Super super | 10^{10^{ \overset{8}{} }} |
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Super super (wrong in HTML in some browsers) | 10^{10^8} |
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Preceding and/or additional sub & super | \sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b |
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{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4 |
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Stacking | \overset{\alpha}{\omega} |
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\underset{\alpha}{\omega} |
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\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}} |
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\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega} |
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Derivative (forced PNG) | x', y'', f', f''\! |
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Derivative (f in italics may overlap primes in HTML) | x', y'', f', f'' |
x',y'',f',f'' | ![]() |
Derivative (wrong in HTML) | x^\prime, y^{\prime\prime} |
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Derivative (wrong in PNG) | x\prime, y\prime\prime |
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Derivative dots | \dot{x}, \ddot{x} |
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Underlines, overlines, vectors | \hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c |
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\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \
\widehat{d e f} |
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\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l} |
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Arrows | A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm
i-1} C |
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Overbraces | \overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050} |
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Underbraces | \underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26} |
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Sum | \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 |
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Sum (force \textstyle ) |
\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2 |
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Sum in a fraction (default \textstyle ) |
\frac{\sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a} |
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Sum in a fraction (force \displaystyle ) |
\frac{\displaystyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2}{a} |
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Product | \prod_{i=1}^N x_i |
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Product (force \textstyle ) |
\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i |
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Coproduct | \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i |
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Coproduct (force \textstyle ) |
\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i |
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Limit | \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n |
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Limit (force \textstyle ) |
\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n |
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Integral | \int\limits_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx |
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Integral (alternate limits style) | \int_{1}^{3}\frac{e^3/x}{x^2}\, dx |
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Integral (force \textstyle ) |
\textstyle \int\limits_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx |
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Integral (force \textstyle , alternate
limits style) |
\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx |
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Double integral | \iint\limits_D \, dx\,dy |
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Triple integral | \iiint\limits_E \, dx\,dy\,dz |
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Quadruple integral | \iiiint\limits_F \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt |
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Line or path integral | \int_C x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy |
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Closed line or path integral | \oint_C x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy |
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Intersections | \bigcap_1^n p |
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Unions | \bigcup_1^k p |
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Fractions, matrices, multilines
Feature | Syntax | How it looks rendered |
---|---|---|
Fractions | \frac{2}{4}=0.5 |
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Small fractions | \tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 |
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Large (normal) fractions | \dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5 \qquad \dfrac{2}{c +
\dfrac{2}{d + \dfrac{2}{4}}} = a |
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Large (nested) fractions | \cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a |
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Binomial coefficients | \binom{n}{k} |
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Small binomial coefficients | \tbinom{n}{k} |
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Large (normal) binomial coefficients | \dbinom{n}{k} |
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Matrices | \begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix} |
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\begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{vmatrix} |
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\begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Vmatrix} |
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\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots & 0 \end{bmatrix} |
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\begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Bmatrix} |
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\begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{pmatrix} |
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\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix} a&b\\ c&d \end{smallmatrix} \bigr) |
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Case distinctions | f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\ 3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} \end{cases} |
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Multiline equations | \begin{align} f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\ & = a^2+2ab+b^2 \\ \end{align} |
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\begin{alignat}{2} f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\ & = a^2-2ab+b^2 \\ \end{alignat} |
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Multiline equations (must define number of colums used ({lcr}) (should not be used unless needed) | \begin{array}{lcl} z & = & a \\ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array} |
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Multiline equations (more) | \begin{array}{lcr} z & = & a \\ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array} |
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Breaking up a long expression so that it wraps when necessary, at the expense of destroying correct spacing | <math>f(x) \,\!</math> <math>= \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n </math> <math>= a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots</math> |
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Simultaneous equations | \begin{cases} 3x + 5y + z \\ 7x - 2y + 4z \\ -6x + 3y + 2z \end{cases} |
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Arrays | \begin{array}{|c|c||c|} a & b & S \\ \hline 0&0&1\\ 0&1&1\\ 1&0&1\\ 1&1&0\\ \end{array} |
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Parenthesizing big expressions, brackets, bars
Feature | Syntax | How it looks rendered |
---|---|---|
Bad | ( \frac{1}{2} ) |
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Good | \left ( \frac{1}{2} \right ) |
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You can use various delimiters with \left and \right:
Feature | Syntax | How it looks rendered |
---|---|---|
Parentheses | \left ( \frac{a}{b} \right ) |
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Brackets | \left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ] \quad \left
\lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack |
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Braces | \left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \} \quad \left
\lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace |
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Angle brackets | \left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle |
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Bars and double bars | \left | \frac{a}{b} \right \vert \left \Vert
\frac{c}{d} \right \| |
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Floor and ceiling functions: | \left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor \left
\lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil |
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Slashes and backslashes | \left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash |
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Up, down and up-down arrows | \left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow
\quad \left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow \quad \left
\updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow |
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Delimiters can be mixed, as long as \left and \right match |
\left [ 0,1 \right )</code> <br/>
<code>\left \langle \psi \right | |
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Use \left. and \right. if you don't want a delimiter to appear: |
\left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X |
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Size of the delimiters | \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( \dots \Bigg] \bigg]
\Big] \big]/ |
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\big\{ \Big\{ \bigg\{ \Bigg\{ \dots
\Bigg\rangle \bigg\rangle \Big\rangle \big\rangle |
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\big\| \Big\| \bigg\| \Bigg\| \dots \Bigg|
\bigg| \Big| \big| |
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\big\lfloor \Big\lfloor \bigg\lfloor
\Bigg\lfloor \dots \Bigg\rceil \bigg\rceil \Big\rceil \big\rceil |
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\big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow
\Bigg\uparrow \dots \Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow
\big\Downarrow |
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\big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow
\bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow \dots \Bigg\Updownarrow
\bigg\Updownarrow \Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow |
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\big / \Big / \bigg / \Bigg / \dots
\Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash \Big\backslash \big\backslash |
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Alphabets and typefaces
Texvc cannot render arbitrary Unicode characters. Those it can handle can be entered by the expressions below. For others, such as Cyrillic, they can be entered as Unicode or HTML entities in running text, but cannot be used in displayed formulas.
Greek alphabet | |
---|---|
\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta |
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\Eta \Theta \Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu |
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\Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho \Sigma \Tau |
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\Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega |
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\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta |
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\eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu |
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\nu \xi \pi \rho \sigma \tau |
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\upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega |
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\varepsilon \digamma \vartheta \varkappa |
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\varpi \varrho \varsigma \varphi |
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Blackboard bold/scripts | |
\mathbb{A} \mathbb{B} \mathbb{C} \mathbb{D}
\mathbb{E} \mathbb{F} \mathbb{G} |
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\mathbb{H} \mathbb{I} \mathbb{J} \mathbb{K}
\mathbb{L} \mathbb{M} |
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\mathbb{N} \mathbb{O} \mathbb{P} \mathbb{Q}
\mathbb{R} \mathbb{S} \mathbb{T} |
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\mathbb{U} \mathbb{V} \mathbb{W} \mathbb{X}
\mathbb{Y} \mathbb{Z} |
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Boldface (vectors) | |
\mathbf{A} \mathbf{B} \mathbf{C} \mathbf{D}
\mathbf{E} \mathbf{F} \mathbf{G} |
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\mathbf{H} \mathbf{I} \mathbf{J} \mathbf{K}
\mathbf{L} \mathbf{M} |
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\mathbf{N} \mathbf{O} \mathbf{P} \mathbf{Q}
\mathbf{R} \mathbf{S} \mathbf{T} |
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\mathbf{U} \mathbf{V} \mathbf{W} \mathbf{X}
\mathbf{Y} \mathbf{Z} |
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\mathbf{a} \mathbf{b} \mathbf{c} \mathbf{d}
\mathbf{e} \mathbf{f} \mathbf{g} |
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\mathbf{h} \mathbf{i} \mathbf{j} \mathbf{k}
\mathbf{l} \mathbf{m} |
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\mathbf{n} \mathbf{o} \mathbf{p} \mathbf{q}
\mathbf{r} \mathbf{s} \mathbf{t} |
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\mathbf{u} \mathbf{v} \mathbf{w} \mathbf{x}
\mathbf{y} \mathbf{z} |
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\mathbf{0} \mathbf{1} \mathbf{2} \mathbf{3}
\mathbf{4} |
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\mathbf{5} \mathbf{6} \mathbf{7} \mathbf{8}
\mathbf{9} |
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Boldface (Greek) | |
\boldsymbol{\Alpha} \boldsymbol{\Beta}
\boldsymbol{\Gamma} \boldsymbol{\Delta} \boldsymbol{\Epsilon}
\boldsymbol{\Zeta} |
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\boldsymbol{\Eta} \boldsymbol{\Theta}
\boldsymbol{\Iota} \boldsymbol{\Kappa} \boldsymbol{\Lambda}
\boldsymbol{\Mu} |
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\boldsymbol{\Nu} \boldsymbol{\Xi}
\boldsymbol{\Pi} \boldsymbol{\Rho} \boldsymbol{\Sigma}
\boldsymbol{\Tau} |
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\boldsymbol{\Upsilon} \boldsymbol{\Phi}
\boldsymbol{\Chi} \boldsymbol{\Psi} \boldsymbol{\Omega} |
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\boldsymbol{\alpha} \boldsymbol{\beta}
\boldsymbol{\gamma} \boldsymbol{\delta} \boldsymbol{\epsilon}
\boldsymbol{\zeta} |
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\boldsymbol{\eta} \boldsymbol{\theta}
\boldsymbol{\iota} \boldsymbol{\kappa} \boldsymbol{\lambda}
\boldsymbol{\mu} |
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\boldsymbol{\nu} \boldsymbol{\xi}
\boldsymbol{\pi} \boldsymbol{\rho} \boldsymbol{\sigma}
\boldsymbol{\tau} |
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\boldsymbol{\upsilon} \boldsymbol{\phi}
\boldsymbol{\chi} \boldsymbol{\psi} \boldsymbol{\omega} |
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\boldsymbol{\varepsilon} \boldsymbol{\digamma}
\boldsymbol{\vartheta} \boldsymbol{\varkappa} |
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\boldsymbol{\varpi} \boldsymbol{\varrho}
\boldsymbol{\varsigma} \boldsymbol{\varphi} |
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Italics | |
\mathit{A} \mathit{B} \mathit{C} \mathit{D}
\mathit{E} \mathit{F} \mathit{G} |
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\mathit{H} \mathit{I} \mathit{J} \mathit{K}
\mathit{L} \mathit{M} |
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\mathit{N} \mathit{O} \mathit{P} \mathit{Q}
\mathit{R} \mathit{S} \mathit{T} |
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\mathit{U} \mathit{V} \mathit{W} \mathit{X}
\mathit{Y} \mathit{Z} |
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\mathit{a} \mathit{b} \mathit{c} \mathit{d}
\mathit{e} \mathit{f} \mathit{g} |
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\mathit{h} \mathit{i} \mathit{j} \mathit{k}
\mathit{l} \mathit{m} |
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\mathit{n} \mathit{o} \mathit{p} \mathit{q}
\mathit{r} \mathit{s} \mathit{t} |
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\mathit{u} \mathit{v} \mathit{w} \mathit{x}
\mathit{y} \mathit{z} |
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\mathit{0} \mathit{1} \mathit{2} \mathit{3}
\mathit{4} |
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\mathit{5} \mathit{6} \mathit{7} \mathit{8}
\mathit{9} |
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Roman typeface | |
\mathrm{A} \mathrm{B} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{D}
\mathrm{E} \mathrm{F} \mathrm{G} |
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\mathrm{H} \mathrm{I} \mathrm{J} \mathrm{K}
\mathrm{L} \mathrm{M} |
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\mathrm{N} \mathrm{O} \mathrm{P} \mathrm{Q}
\mathrm{R} \mathrm{S} \mathrm{T} |
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\mathrm{U} \mathrm{V} \mathrm{W} \mathrm{X}
\mathrm{Y} \mathrm{Z} |
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\mathrm{a} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{d}
\mathrm{e} \mathrm{f} \mathrm{g} |
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\mathrm{h} \mathrm{i} \mathrm{j} \mathrm{k}
\mathrm{l} \mathrm{m} |
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\mathrm{n} \mathrm{o} \mathrm{p} \mathrm{q}
\mathrm{r} \mathrm{s} \mathrm{t} |
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\mathrm{u} \mathrm{v} \mathrm{w} \mathrm{x}
\mathrm{y} \mathrm{z} |
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\mathrm{0} \mathrm{1} \mathrm{2} \mathrm{3}
\mathrm{4} |
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\mathrm{5} \mathrm{6} \mathrm{7} \mathrm{8}
\mathrm{9} |
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Fraktur typeface | |
\mathfrak{A} \mathfrak{B} \mathfrak{C}
\mathfrak{D} \mathfrak{E} \mathfrak{F} \mathfrak{G} |
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\mathfrak{H} \mathfrak{I} \mathfrak{J}
\mathfrak{K} \mathfrak{L} \mathfrak{M} |
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\mathfrak{N} \mathfrak{O} \mathfrak{P}
\mathfrak{Q} \mathfrak{R} \mathfrak{S} \mathfrak{T} |
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\mathfrak{U} \mathfrak{V} \mathfrak{W}
\mathfrak{X} \mathfrak{Y} \mathfrak{Z} |
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\mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{b} \mathfrak{c}
\mathfrak{d} \mathfrak{e} \mathfrak{f} \mathfrak{g} |
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\mathfrak{h} \mathfrak{i} \mathfrak{j}
\mathfrak{k} \mathfrak{l} \mathfrak{m} |
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\mathfrak{n} \mathfrak{o} \mathfrak{p}
\mathfrak{q} \mathfrak{r} \mathfrak{s} \mathfrak{t} |
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\mathfrak{u} \mathfrak{v} \mathfrak{w}
\mathfrak{x} \mathfrak{y} \mathfrak{z} |
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\mathfrak{0} \mathfrak{1} \mathfrak{2}
\mathfrak{3} \mathfrak{4} |
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\mathfrak{5} \mathfrak{6} \mathfrak{7}
\mathfrak{8} \mathfrak{9} |
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Calligraphy/script | |
\mathcal{A} \mathcal{B} \mathcal{C} \mathcal{D}
\mathcal{E} \mathcal{F} \mathcal{G} |
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\mathcal{H} \mathcal{I} \mathcal{J} \mathcal{K}
\mathcal{L} \mathcal{M} |
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\mathcal{N} \mathcal{O} \mathcal{P} \mathcal{Q}
\mathcal{R} \mathcal{S} \mathcal{T} |
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\mathcal{U} \mathcal{V} \mathcal{W} \mathcal{X}
\mathcal{Y} \mathcal{Z} |
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Hebrew | |
\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth |
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Mixed text faces
Feature | Syntax | How it looks rendered | |
---|---|---|---|
Non-italicised characters | \mbox{abc} | abc | ![]() |
Mixed italics (bad) | \mbox{if} n \mbox{is even} | ifnis even | ![]() |
Mixed italics (good) | \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} | if n is even | ![]() |
Mixed italics (more legible: ~ is a non-breaking space, while "\ " forces a space) | \mbox{if}~n\ \mbox{is even} | ![]() |
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Examples
Quadratic polynomial
ax2 + bx + c = 0
<math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0</math>
Quadratic polynomial (force PNG rendering)
<math>ax^2 + bx + c = 0\,\!</math>
Quadratic formula
<math>x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}</math>
Tall parentheses and fractions
<math>2 = \left( \frac{\left(3-x\right) \times 2}{3-x} \right)</math>
<math>S_{\text{new}} = S_{\text{old}} - \frac{ \left( 5-T \right) ^2} {2}</math>
Integrals
<math>\int_a^x \!\!\!\int_a^s f(y)\,dy\,ds = \int_a^x f(y)(x-y)\,dy</math>
Summation
<math>\sum_{m=1}^\infty\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{m^2\,n} {3^m\left(m\,3^n+n\,3^m\right)}</math>
Differential equation
<math>u'' + p(x)u' + q(x)u=f(x),\quad x>a</math>
Complex numbers
<math>|\bar{z}| = |z|, |(\bar{z})^n| = |z|^n, \arg(z^n) = n \arg(z)</math>
Limits
<math>\lim_{z\rightarrow z_0} f(z)=f(z_0)</math>
Integral equation
<math>\phi_n(\kappa) = \frac{1}{4\pi^2\kappa^2} \int_0^\infty \frac{\sin(\kappa R)}{\kappa R} \frac{\partial}{\partial R} \left[R^2\frac{\partial D_n(R)}{\partial R}\right]\,dR</math>
Example
<math>\phi_n(\kappa) = 0.033C_n^2\kappa^{-11/3},\quad \frac{1}{L_0}\ll\kappa\ll\frac{1}{l_0}</math>
Continuation and cases
<math> f(x) = \begin{cases} 1 & -1 \le x < 0 \\ \frac{1}{2} & x = 0 \\ 1 - x^2 & \mbox{otherwise} \end{cases} </math>
Prefixed subscript
<math>{}_pF_q(a_1,\dots,a_p;c_1,\dots,c_q;z) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{(a_1)_n\cdots(a_p)_n}{(c_1)_n\cdots(c_q)_n} \frac{z^n}{n!}</math>
Fraction and small fraction
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<math> \frac {a}{b}\ \tfrac {a}{b} </math>
Area of a Quadrilateral
<math>S=\frac{1}{2}dD\sin\alpha </math>
Volume of a sphere-stand
<math>V=\frac{1}{6}\pi h[3(r_1^2+r_2^2)+h^2]</math>